Hilda Doolittle Outline Essay

Format on â€Å"Heat†. When I first read the poem â€Å"Heat† by H. D. my first impression was it was so short. This poem has three stanzas, consisting of an unequal amount of lines in each. It also uses every day conversation words. My second thought was that it was so simple, almost grade school because of the word choice. Though after learning more about imagists and H.D. I knew this wasn’t the case. To write this poem she painstakingly choose each specific words to use. The poem is choppy and very precise all at the same time. H.D. used the same hard sounding words over and over throughout the poem. The poem style is lyrical because it expresses the thoughts and feelings of H.D.  Style on H. D’s poem â€Å"Heat†. In this poem H.D used direct presentation of picture words/ images. H.D also had a unique ability for writing her poems in cinema form. (She was very interested in the new art of movie making.) This is where her poems made you see a moving picture instead of freezing a moment in time like other imagist poets. This is one of the reasons she was seen as so nontraditional. In the poem â€Å"Heat† H.D personifies the heat, she says that the heat stops the fruit from falling, and it presses up on the blunts and points of pears and rounds the grapes. She made the heat have human-like characteristics. This poem also makes the same hard â€Å"t† sound throughout the poem to make it seem more oppressive. That is an example of consonance while the repeating vowels sounds of heat, used quite a lot is an example of assonance. Content in H. D’s poem â€Å"Heat†. I think what H.D is trying to say in this poem is that sometimes life is hard and unforgiving. It might just seem like things are just to hard and are never going to get better but sometimes they do. Out of nowhere a unexpected cool breeze cuts through the heat and delivers relief. At the end of my research of H.D.’s turbulant life I could see how she put her life experiences into her work. Format on H. D’s poem â€Å"Pear Tree†. This poem is also written in 3 stanzas. There are a couple of more lines than â€Å"Heat† but not a lot. This poem is like her other one in its choppiness and precision. H.D. used her craft well in choosing the exact words in all the right places. When I first read the poem it was difficult for me to see the meaning but through my research I could tell how hard it must have been to find those specific words to convey her lyrical poem. Style on H. D’s poem â€Å"Pear Tree†. In this poem H.D uses alliteration, for example; â€Å" flower-tuffs†, â€Å"bring summer and ripe fruits†. She also uses consonance, â€Å"no flower ever parted silver†, â€Å"From such rare silver†. H.D used assonance in this poem, â€Å"o silver†, â€Å"o white pear†. She even put a simile in this poem, â€Å"higher than my arms reach†. In the poem â€Å"Pear Tree† H.D uses lots of soft sounds and repeated lots of the same vowel sounds. This poem is the opposite of the harshness in â€Å"Heat† . Content in H. D’s poem â€Å"Pear Tree†. In this poem H.D describes the simple beauty of nature. I was finally able to see the moving tree and growing fruit. She also shows how much hope and opportunity there is in life. It takes time and a quiet perseverance to have your effort pay off in an actual product. Whether it is a pear or a work of literature.

How to Get Prepared and Start My Own Business Essay

All of us have a lot of ideas about the things that we think about; most of the time we do not even recognize how millions of ideas got through our brains. Even now, when I typed this sentence, it took a while for me to come up with an idea and put it into words, so that all the readers get exactly what I want them to understand after reading my writing. We use our ideas everywhere, since it is something that lets us process and understand the information that we already own and get the best result that is possible. People use ideas as their tool to make a right decision, and as we all know, we have a lot of decisions to make in our life. For me, the right idea is a treasure surrounded by many other ideas that are not the ones that will lead me to a right choice, which I have to make in certain amount of time. Examples of leading companies that came up with good ideas in business are: Facebook, Microsoft, Google, and AT&T. These worldwide well-known organizations started their business like any other person – from idea, but somehow they have achieved a better result, which means they had a better idea, better team, or better preparation and hard work with luck. Now, after having 17 years of experience in finding a right idea, I am on my way to find my own treasure, so that I will be able to realize my ideas in business world. That idea is one in a million. For now, I came up with a lot of ideas that will possibly bring me a wanted amount of profit after realizing them. Since I am on the right track, I should get prepared to start realizing my ideas and start my own business. There are a lot of people in the world who want to start and run their own business. Some of these people who start their business will get a satisfying sense of accomplishment after providing a service or a product that is enjoyed or used by customers. Most of them will be disappointed in their business, since the percentage of those who fail is higher than those who succeed. Feeling of a business executive after coming to work differs from the feeling that people meet when they work for someone else. Person who runs the business and person who assists and works for that person experience different emotions and work to do, but both of these jobs have their own cons and pros. Person who assists to run the business cares only about the wage that he or she gets in the end of the month, while the businessman cares about the whole organization, including staff, all the property, wages of his workers, working environment, advertisement, and else. The more power and opportunity you have, the more responsibility and problems you get. That one person who runs the company should make a perfect environment to work, including people who work for him, because they are a big part of his business that manage to realize his ideas, and make them work properly. More than one million people create their own business every year. All of them have an idea that they believe in, because idea plays a huge role, but it is not the only thing. Business is more than just an idea, and some people forget it and start without even being prepared. It needs a lot of time to plan, and also it requires certain people. Furthermore, it needs financial funding. Before even starting to prepare to be a business executive, person should ask himself if he is ready for that. Do I have that personality and skills to be successful in business? Do I have what it takes? I am sure that I do, so do my parents. That is the reason why I am continuing to make researches about business and reading news about politics in my country. That is the reason why I came to America, to a country that is far from mine. Before starting to prepare the environment I will be working in, I should prepare myself. I should have enough knowledge and information to understand everything me and my team will do. To do so, I should read news and articles about business. All businessmen have to be in that world, which is a world of business. There is always something that we do not know. That something might make business work better. People do not even know when they miss their chance to build a better business. People just lose their chances to get better, and that opportunity sometimes comes only once in the whole life. Since there are plenty of those who try to run their business, it is a competition, where you, as a businessman, should prove that you are capable of more than other businessmen around you. There is only one winner, and it should be you. That is why it is better to spend enough time preparing and have more chance to succeed, than start with unsafe steps. Since I am the person who will continue the family business, not start from the very beginning, I have more opportunity and chance than I would have had if I was the one who started the business. That person who worked hard is my father. What he did, is called a huge step. He brought his family from nothing to something in a short period of time, which usually takes more. Some people achieve their goal, but my father is one of those who achieved a goal that he did not even expect. He already reached a goal that should be reached in two generation. That is why, as the only son in our family, I should succeed at least like him, even though he, as a father, thinks I can do better. I have people who will help me to understand business, and how it works, because it is not something that you can understand by reading some rules on the paper. It is something that you understand by experiencing, something that we should feel. Business is about the team. Successful business based on products, and services that are made or provided by people. I should create a company that inspires faith and productivity. In order to make revenue, I should understand people’s way of thinking; understand what their needs are, and how to provide them in the best way. How did such companies as Apple and Microsoft get so big and successful? These companies found a product that best responds to real human needs and desires. This problem is important to all the people who want to start their own business. It is related to business. This question is being discussed everywhere on internet, on the forums, by experts, and by people who have failed in starting a business, or by people who succeeded. They share their experience and give tips that can help to people like me, people who are getting prepared to start a business. This subject is interesting for me, because it determines my future. It helps me to understand what exactly I am going to do, in order to be prepared to start business, which is what I am going to do for living. There are many ways of getting prepared, choosing the right one, and choosing the right idea is one of the most important steps. Even though I am sure that I will succeed with the help of my family, I still have to make research and be one of those who try hard to be closer to business. Business is like a big house. In order to build a big and beautiful one, we should have an idea of how to make, and be prepared. If the foundation is strong, then are on the right way. There are basic steps to start my business. First of all I should research and plan my business. It will help me to understand what it takes to realize my plans. After researching and planning, I should get business assistance. That step will help me prepare a business plan and expanding my business. After that, I should choose a business location and finance my business. To do, depending on my business type, I should find a place that will work out the best for my business. If it is, for example, a hotel, it should in a place that is easy to reach for tourists, but is not noisy, so that customers can enjoy their time in the hotel. After doing these four steps, I should determine the legal structure of my business. It could be sole partnership, partnership, corporation, etc. If I am not ready to do my business alone, I can find a partner or partners that believe in my idea and ready to finance. Having more people is always better, which means that you will have more resources and more ideas. If a company has more than one holder, it always causes problems, because of disagreement and revenue that should be divided. Next step in order to start business is registration of a business name, and getting a local license. After these steps, everything is ready to work, including the workers that you should hire.

Autobiographical Sketch Layout

My name is Courtney Marie Bukovitz. I wasn’t named after anyone else as far as I know. I’m 15 years old and was born on July 23, 1996 in Akron, Ohio. I have a few times but never out of Ohio. I don’t have many aunts, uncles or cousins, but the ones I do have live in a different state. My mom has 4 siblings and my dad has 1. Me on the other hand, I have 3 half siblings and 3 step siblings, I’m the youngest child. I honestly despise watching sports but I love to play them. What I usually do is hang out with my friends and doodle random pictures. The last time I went on vacation was in November, 2012 to Florida to visit family. Anytime I’ve went on vacation I’ve always stayed at my aunt or grandma’s house, so I never really stayed in a Hotel. My favorite kind of music is mainly old rock like Nirvana or alternative such as A Day To Remember. Their music is about real life situations and ideas, rather than fake love stories, lust and drugs. If I could describe myself in 3 words it’d be creative, spontaneous and independent. The high school I have attended is North High School. I don’t really have a favorite subject, but my weakness class is Biology. My strength class is History and anything that has to do with the visual arts. The class I dislike the most would be study hall, I don’t like study hall just because I find it useless. It may provide a child with the time to study but to me it’s a waste of time. My plan is to graduate from North High School in 2014 and then go to college to study to be a private investigator. I’m into the discovery of truth and justice and I’m someone who won’t stop until I achieve the truth.

Energy Commission Poised to Boost Building Energy Standards Essay

Energy Commission Poised to Boost Building Energy Standards - Essay Example Most investors in the housing industry and manufacturers of various building materials support the new building standards. However, the implementation of the new act depends on the attitude of on the politicians. Analysis The issue of global warming has become a contentious in modern society. The connection between global warming and energy consumption is a matter of political interest. The author of this article has a fair distinction between facts and ideologies. According to the author, overdependence of modern economy on fossil fuel is the sole cause of global warming. In this case, the author does not analyze other source of green house gases that that have an equal impact on the environment. However, the author acknowledges the significance of global politics in the implementation of environmental protection laws. The issues discussed in the article are relevant to me as a resident of California. Firstly, the article identifies the responsibility that Americans have in relation to environmental and energy conservation. In addition, the author identifies the significance of politics in the implementation of environmental related laws. ... America uses its position of been the main global oil consumer to influence global politics particularly the Middle East politics. Global warming and environmental degradation are issue of major concern to the public. This is because the public is the most affected by the resultant consequences of global warming. The future of the country and the world in relation to global warming and environmental conservation relies on the effort of every individual and not the political effort of the country. The author has a valid argument concerning the slow down in implementing environmental and energy conservation policies. This is due to current position of the country in global economy in relation to crude oil consumption. Energy consumption and its implication on the country’s economy is the main factor that determines the level of the country’s involvement on environmental conservation matter. In addition, the future of America’s global influence depends on the signif icance of the country on global economy. This makes oil a critical factor in America’s global influence. Did Democracy Cause the Recession That Led to the Constitution? Summary US citizens identify the country’s economy and democracy as their main source of national pride. During the great economic recession of 1780 s, all free American citizens believed that the thirteen states American legislature was responsible for providing a possible solution to the recession problem (Holton 445). However not all American citizens were conversant with the role of the assembly in relation to their control of supply of money and debt collection. At the same time, the Federalist accused the Lower House of Representatives for mismanaging taxpayer’s money. These accusations

Databases vs. Spreadsheets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Databases vs. Spreadsheets - Essay Example This paper illustrates that there are many serious drawbacks of using spreadsheet for data storage, for instance, it is awkward to recover or access data from any, however, the unsophisticated queries, provides little or no data authentication and validity as well as little or no protection in opposition to data corruption from well-meaning but inexperienced and inadequately trained users. A database element can store simply the data for which it is created on the other hand spreadsheets offer the flexibility. In this scenario, any cell can be used to store and maintain numbers, text or charts. From the discussion, it is clear that a database is essential for storing a large amount of data in a secure way. A database is essential for storing banking data, human resource and other similar data where security and efficiency are critical. The researcher would recommend Oracle Database, which a well-known database development tool. The researcher has recommended Oracle Database because i t provides to its users some of the excellent capabilities such as scalability, leading performance, security and reliability in all the environments such as Windows, UNIX, and Linux. In addition, it offers a wide variety of tools and functionalities to effortlessly handle the most difficult business intelligence, transaction processing, and content management applications.

Skin lightening obsession in asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Skin lightening obsession in asia - Essay Example Man is asocial being whose decisions concerning several aspects of the society are influenced by a number of factors especially by the things that happen around them. With the coming and expansion of technology, the human society has realized tremendous expansion through knowledge of distant places thus influencing people’s perceptions concerning various activities and events taking place around the globe. The problems associated with the practice of skin lightening among various societies have prompted the backgrounds of this study Skin lightening is utterly influenced by the society’s definition of beauty as influenced by the dominant cultures, majorly the western culture. Different societies have different definitions for the term beauty and the asscoiated apearences. Due to the close connectivity between various sociaeties through the internet connectivity and technolgogical developments, these definitions have continued to tremendously influence perceptioons in the other communties far and wide. However, practicin skin lightenmign has not been without its disadvantages as Bush, (2013) records hence the main concern on the influence of the media and the asociety in general in promting such practiec within it. Even though skin lightenign has been associated with beauty in some communities, skin bleaching is currently raisighn questions on the personality and ethics in different societies. As Bush notes, the demerits of lightening one’s skin colouration far much outweigh the beenfits hence the constant calls to abandon such practices and adopt more sound and uproght determination of beauty in avrious communities aroudn the globe. As oppsoeed to man, women are the most affected when it comes the the crave for beauty and consequently, the need to lightent their skins as a beauty model. Skin lightenign is not

Why you chose the qualitative versus quantitative approach Assignment

Why you chose the qualitative versus quantitative approach - Assignment Example Hence, qualitative researches have proven to be used widely in GI nurses field. Nursing is primarily interpretive. Nurses have an interest in the daily health experiences with their patients, and much qualitative research makes nurses think about their practice (Sandelowski et al. 2012). Patients have diverse perceptions of an issue that do not always fit into numerical quantitative research approaches. The qualitative approach allows nurses to review previous findings of an issue because the method does not have rigid formula and calculations like the quantitative approach. Qualitative analysis is better set to provide information about the meaning of a disease of patients and the way it has affected their life. It is rich in providing personal information and experiences through the interviews. Nursing is a field of practice that borrows much of its information and knowledge from other diverse fields like medicine and psychology (Leeman and Sandelowski, 2012). The research analysis method adopted thus should depend on knowing the experiences of the participants through getting their views. A qualitative approach is interpretive and inductive and can create knowledge about human health and the disease experience of a participant. Qualitative knowledge and information depend on data on the social context with the main aspect being the comprehension of human experiences. It is thus the most befitting approach for the nursing practice, as opposed to the quantitative research method. It ensures a unique perspective of the study question or issue and it always gives a deep insight into human beings when compared to quantitative analysis, which is an essential aspect of the nursing practice (Sandelowski and Leeman,

Cross Cultural Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cross Cultural Relations - Essay Example Since the beginning of the humankind history, there were many groups of people or individuals that moved to foreign countries for multiple purposes – for work, getting education, teaching someone, to entertain or just to change the place of residence. Diaries of the most famous travelers, such as Christopher Columbus and Marco Polo are full of descriptions devoted to what the scientists now call â€Å"culture contact†. (Hoerder) With rapid scientific and technological progress, advanced means of communication and transport, more and more people travel abroad, and the range of purposes they tend to achieve, enlarged as well. Many people now travel to share organizational and business experience, study abroad to come back home, many people travel just to see and study cultural background of other countries, some of them come to other countries with peace missions. Unfortunately, political and economical conditions in many countries of the world make many people move abroad as immigrants or refugees. But, regardless of the travel purposes, the notions of cultural contact and cultural shock are relevant for all categories of travelers. (Hoerder) Before examining this phenomenon it’s necessary to give a strict definition of it. At first, it’s necessary to mention that there are some titles to define this phenomenon: â€Å"cross cultural relations†, â€Å"between society culture-contact†, â€Å"cross-cultural interaction† etc. Here is the definition of this phenomenon provided by Bochner: â€Å"between society culture-contact refers to individuals who travel beyond their countries of origin for a particular purpose and for a specified period of time, and the relationships they establish with members of the host society†. (1986, p.23) There are also some necessary terms used to describe these relations, for instance â€Å"sojourner†. This term is used to refer to â€Å"culture travellers, indicating that they are temporary visitors intending to return home after

Product Development Theory Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Product Development Theory Comparison - Essay Example They are not just branding a product. They are designing a total package. In creating a brand there are several different levels to be considered. First, there is the step by step technical issues that have to be addressed. However, creating a brand is more than just creating the catchy phrase, name or design that signifies to the world that this product belongs to this company. Branding and brand creation encompass a whole host of tangible and intangible elements. In beginning, this discussion brand creation, the first area to cover is the technical aspects of creating a brand. After that, the conceptual ideas will be discussed as well as steps to achieving an all-inclusive branding package. The brand itself is more than just the product itself. There are specific steps that must be taken in the brand creation process. The first step is to arrive at a brand name, word, phrase, symbol or device that will set your product apart from the others. It must be unique and creative. It could be catchy, clever, aesthetically appealing, different, or simple yet unforgettable. Whatever the choice it must be unique and distinctive. Upon arriving at a perspective brand, the next important step is to determine that the name is free from all encumbrances, that is, it is not already in use by someone else. This is easy enough to accomplish via the internet to ascertain if someone has the name you have arrived at already brand named. It is also wise to search internationally, as well. You want your brand to stand out. Selecting one so similar to a host of other names will not achieve this. Having determined that your selected brand name is available you should immediately place a trademark on it to make it exclusively yours. Protecting your brand is an essential part of the creating brand value.

Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat Essay Example for Free

Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat Essay The two poems I am comparing; Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat by Thomas Gray and To a Mouse by Robert Burns were both written in the eighteenth century, which makes it interesting to make a comparison of their content, style and techniques, to see how poems of the eighteenth century differ from each other.  Both of the poems feature an animal as the main subject of the poem. In Grays poem he has a house cat as the main focus of the poem whilst Burns dedicates his poem to a field mouse. Both these animals come to an unfortunate end. The cat due to curiosity tumbled headlong into a tub of gold fishes This supports the well known phrase curiosity killed the cat In the poem it refers to the cat as actually loosing 9 lives: Eight times emerging from the flood  She mewd to evry watry God.  No one arrives to save her:  No Dolphin came, no Nereid stirrd :  Nor cruel Tom, nor Susan heared.  The dolphin is included in the list of possible rescuers because it is a reference to the classical legend of the harpist, Arion, being saved by a dolphin which had been entranced by his music, much in the same way the cat wanted to be saved by someone who heard its meowing.  Ã‚  In Burnss poem the mouse unlike the cat does not actually die, but it is made clear that the prospects for the mouse are bleak due to its home being destroyed by the plough and the fact winter is coming and the mouse has no time to build another home for itself: Now thous turnd out, for a thy trouble,  But house or hald,  To thole the Winters sleety dribble,  Ancraneuch cauld!  The poems are both basically about a particular ill-fated animal but each has a deeper meaning and message through anthropomorphism.  The cat in Grays poem is given feminine characteristics: a fair round face illustrates the ideal image of an eighteenth century womans face. Gray also uses metaphors to describe the cat which also apply to a ladys jewels and adornments: The velvet of her paws,  Her coat, that with the tortoise vies,   Her ears of jet, and emerald eyes.  In verse four the comparison of the cat to a woman is made even clearer:  She stretchd in vain to reach the prize.  What female heart can gold despise?  What cats averse to fish?  It is clear here that Gray is illustrating how women are seduced by the desire for gold as cats are seduced by the desire for fish. The anthropomorphism continues in verses 5 and 7:  Presumptious maid and  From hence you Beauties, undeceivd  Know one false step is neer retrieved.  The last lines of the poem contain a moral:  Not all that tempts your wandring eyes  And heedless hearts, is lawful prize;  Nor all that glisters gold. Through the cat Gray created a cautionary tale specifically aimed at women. Its a warning not to be tempted by what is not rightly theirs, and not to be seduced by glittering appearances because it may not be as good as it looks on the outside.  Gray is very direct with his message of warning to women but he writes in a light-hearted way throughout. However, Burns poem is much more serious and sombre. He uses anthropomorphism like Gray to get his message across through an animal, in this case the mouse is used to highlight the social and moral problems that he felt existed in both the public and in his own family His father died after eighteen years of hard work as a farmer. After his fathers death they had little money, leaving them no choice but to sublease a farm in order to keep their home. These experiences were brought through in to his poem when the mouse had its home destroyed by the plough:

John Lockes Social Contract Theory

John Lockes Social Contract Theory The agreement of the society to surrender its rights partially or entirely to the ruling government or authority is a social contract. The social contract is the basis of societys moral values today because it gives government the liberty to decide what is right and wrong depending on each societys socialization structure, all in the name of the rule of law. The social contract theory has been in existence for a very long time, right from the days of Plato (380BC) to John Rawls of the 20th century. The social contract bears the responsibility of both citizen and government and is introduced to protect an already peaceful society, or to form one. It is associated with modern political theory. Idealists and liberalist such as Thomas Hobbes, Jean Jacques-Rousseau and John Locke have influenced constitutions around the world a great deal especially the West with their theories. The social contract is generally supposed to provide justice and security to citizens within its boundaries. The state of nature is a place envisioned by a philosopher, prior to the existence of the social contract. The social contract is preceded after a philosopher has given his view of the state of nature. The state of nature does not have any moral or physical structures in place. It has to be envisioned. In the state of nature, there are no laws in place and no civilization. Man is either described as one who lives in harmony with his fellow men or fights for his survival. Idealist philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and Jean Jacques Rousseau argue that, since man is rational, in his state of nature there would be co-operation in existence and therefore his social contract must embody laws that are rational. On the other hand, realist philosophers such as Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes disagree with the optimistic notion of human beings. They argue that human beings are se lf-centred and would promote their interest first in all situations; therefore their state of nature would be chaotic and disorganised. The survivors of such a place would be only the strong or swift ones, therefore his social contract should allow irrational decisions to be taken by the head of state for the greater good of the people. The social contract simply implies that the people give up some rights to a government and/or other authority in order to accept or jointly preserve social order. John Locke, a liberal philosopher of the 18th century and the author of the famous and influential book, The Second Treatise of Government pioneered the need for the respect of human rights. Locke begins his theory by visualizing a state of nature that human beings live in before agreeing to the social contract. In Lockes state of nature, there is freedom, but not entirely because he claims that the law of nature governing this estate is from God. Rights and liberties are respected because he views human beings as rational. In the event where human beings react irrationally to negative human behavior, Locke suggests the need for a social contract, an agreement between the people of the state of nature to have an authority that would ensure justice and equality. One may react irrationally when meting out a punishment to an offender; another person may also intervene and punish the offender. To prevent a biased form of justice being carried out, Locke suggests an agreement among the pe ople to form a government that would make laws that would ensure equal justice for all and protection of rights found in the state of nature. In the state of nature there is no political authority in existence, however, moral values do exist. The Law of Nature, which is on Lockes view the basis of all morality, and given to us by God, commands that we not harm others with regards to their life, health, liberty, or possessions (par. 6).  [i]  Life, health and liberty are some of the fundamental rights that are found in the state of nature. The social contract which Locke suggests, must respect these basic human rights which are found in the state of nature John Lockes State and Law of Nature A state also of equality, wherein all the power of jurisdiction is reciprocal, no one having more than another à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦should also be amongst one another, without subordination or subjection, unless the lord and master of them all should, by any manifest declaration of his will, set one above another, and confer on him, by an evident and clear appointment, an undoubted right to dominion and sovereignty.  [ii]   -Second Treatise of Government, Locke To understand the state of nature, society must be viewed without any present authority, ruling monarch or government. It contains no houses, buildings, farmlands, culture or social amenities. John Lockes state of nature assures equality for all men. He believes that we will not entirely be free in the state of nature because we will be bound by the laws of nature. The law of nature which compels every and reason, which is that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life health, liberty or possessions for men being all the workmanship of one omnipotent and infinitely wise Maker.  [iii]  This law of nature enables the perceptive that, since we are all Gods creation, automatically we are all equal; therefore we have no right to take to take anothers life or possessions. In the state of nature, when no mans rights are being invaded then the law of nature is being observed. However, the law of nature allows an offender to be punished for the offence he committed. Everyone bound by the laws of nature have the right to punish transgressors of the law. This is because the law ensures equality and therefore it cannot appoint one person who would obtain a senior role to carry out justice. The problem with allowing everyone to be an executioner of the law is that a biased sentence could be carried out since emotions could come in the way. John Locke identifies that self-love will make men partial to themselves and their friends which will not reflect a true and just system and ill nature and revenge will carry them too far in punishing others and hence nothing but confusionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ To solve this problem, Locke proposes a social contract. The Social Contract The social contract he proposes is an agreement between the citizens and the ruling government. It is a solution to the problems of the state of nature. The government in power must be concerned with the well-being of the citizen. It must preserve his rights and punish the transgressors of the law. Such a government can be described as a legitimate government. An illegitimate government would be the one that would fail to protect the natural rights of its citizens and violate the rights of its subjects. Locke states that when a civil society is popularly entered into, it cannot become a dictatorship because power must come from above but legitimacy must come from below.  [iv]   This explains the reason why Locke argues that a society has the right to do away with a government that is not obeying the laws of the land by being involved in negative practices such as cheating, corruption, torture and nepotism. This provides the grounds for a legitimate rebellion. The government can be removed from power through the legitimate processes such as elections. Lockes arguments for the social contract and for the right of citizens to revolt against their king were enormously influential on the democratic revolutions that followed, especially on Thomas Jefferson, and the founders of the United States  [v]  look for more on the tacit consent Flaws of the Social Contract One of Lockes flaws is his contradiction of how exactly we are obliged to be a part of the social contract. He first discusses how the first citizens become a part of the contract by individual consent and how subsequent generations become a part of it by tacit consent. It does not hold because then it would be unconsciously forced unto the subsequent generations if they are not asked their opinion. For a society that is supposed to ensure freedom and equality, it is violating the rights of its citizens. Lockes view that permanent citizenship depends wholly on the individuals consent -and even express consent- is both unhistorical and contrary to all legal doctrine as any instructed modern reader will easily perceive.  [vi]  This is how Frederick Pollock views Lockes flaw of the consent in his book. Locke does not talk about what the ruling government must do if the citizens relegate their side of the contract. It cannot be applicable in the pursuit of happiness because it does not defend the minority or those living out of it. Generations tacit consent: agreeing to the unknown. Describe contract.;authority,rights of the people.what rights are they giving up? What will keep the contract binding? f

Horatio in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- Custom Essays Hamlet

Horatio in Hamlet      Ã‚   In Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, the closest friend of the hero is a fellow-student from Wittenberg (Granville-Barker 93), an intelligent and understanding young man by the name of Horatio. This essay seeks to carefully present his character.    Marchette Chute in â€Å"The Story Told in Hamlet† describes Horatio’s part in the opening scene of the play:    The story opens in the cold and dark of a winter night in Denmark, while the guard is being changed on the battlements of the royal castle of Elsinore. For two nights in succession, just as the bell strikes the hour of one, a ghost has appeared on the battlements, a figure dressed in complete armor and with a face like that of the dead king of Denmark, Hamlet’s father. A young man named Horatio, who is a school friend of Hamlet, has been told of the apparition and cannot believe it, and one of the officers has brought him there in the night so that he can see it for himself. The hour comes, and the ghost walks. (35)    Horatio, frightened, futilely confronts the ghost:    What art thou that usurp'st this time of night,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Together with that fair and warlike form   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In which the majesty of buried Denmark   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Did sometimes march? by heaven I charge thee, speak! (1.1)    Maynard Mack in â€Å"The World of Hamlet† maintains that Horatio’s words to the spirit â€Å"are subsequently seen to have reached beyond their contexts. . . (244). So Horatio and Marcellus exit the ramparts of Elsinore intending to enlist the aid of Hamlet, who is home from school. Hamlet is dejected by the â€Å"o’erhasty marriage† of his mother to his uncle less than two months after the funeral of Hamlet’s father (Gordon 128). Soon Horatio and Ma... ... Frank Cass & Co., Ltd., 1964. p.14-16. http://www.freehomepages.com/hamlet/other/essayson.htm#demag-ess N. pag.    Pitt, Angela. â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Rpt. from Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html    West, Rebecca. â€Å"A Court and World Infected by the Disease of Corruption.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Court and the Castle. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1957.    Wilkie, Brian and James Hurt. â€Å"Shakespeare.† Literature of the Western World. Ed. Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.   

Native American Relations :: American America History

Native American Relations During the numerous years of colonization, the relationship between the English settlers and the Native Americans of the area was usually the same. Native Americans would initially consider the settlers to be allies, then as time passed, they would be engaged in wars with them in a struggle for control of the land. This process of friendship to enemies seemed to be the basic pattern in the majority of the colonies. When the English landed in Jamestown in 1607, the dominant tribe of the area was the Powhatan (which the English settlers named after the leader of the tribe, Powhatan). At first meeting, the Powhatan considered the settlers as allies, who may be able to aid them in their struggle for land and power over the other tribes in the area. These relations strained when starving settlers started to take food from the Native Americans. In 1610, any notion of alliance between the Powhatan and the Virginia settlers was immediately crushed when Lord De La Warr arrived with a declaration of war against all Indians in the Jamestown area. De La Warr used his "Irish Tactics" of burning houses and crops and taking prisoners to destroy the Native Americans in what was known as the First Anglo-Powhatan war. A peace treaty was signed, but lasted only eight years. The Powhatan killed 347 settlers, which lead to the Virginia Company to give orders for "a perpetual war without peace or truce." Although th e Powhatan made one more attempt at destroying the Virginians, they were defeated again in the Second Anglo-Powhatan war. The peace treaty of 1646 eliminated all chance of the Powhatan coexisting with the Virginia settlers. The treaty also banished the Indians from their native lands, which lay the president for what was later known as a reservation. After this the number of Native Americans in Virginia dwindled to a low 10% of the population. In Carolina, the relationship between the settlers and the Native Americans started strongly as the Savannah Indians aided the settlers in their search of slaves for their plantations. They used the Manacled Indians as a major slave export, although it was greatly opposed by The Lords Proprietors in London. But in 1707 the Savannah Indians ended the alliance. They planed migrated to Maryland and Pennsylvania, which had better relationships between the Native Americans, but the Carolinas didn't like this idea so they attacked the Savannah Indians in a series of bloody raids and left the Native Americans practically completely come.

The Notion of a Double in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights Essay

The Notion of a Double in Wuthering Heights Brontë's Wuthering Heights is the captivating tale of two families and the relationships that develop between them. The narrator, Mr. Lockwood, relates the story as told to him by Ellen, the housekeeper. The novel contains an excellent illustration of the doppel-ganger, the notion of a double. Generally, this concept is applied to specific characters, as in Poe's William Wilson. However, the concept appears in Wuthering Heights in two different ways. The doppel-ganger is illustrated in the story of Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff in relation to that of Cathy Linton and Hareton Earnshaw, but it is also present in the relationship between Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff as individuals. In Wuthering Heights, it is almost as if the story of Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff is repeated through Cathy Linton and Hareton Earnshaw. There are some discernible differences between these two relationships, but the general outline of the stories share some striking similarities. For example, Heathcliff could not be with Catherine Earnshaw because her brother, Hindley, had reduced him to the status of a brute. After Mr. Earnshaw's death, Heathcliff was treated like a servant instead of a member of the family. Later in the story, Heathcliff does the same thing to Hareton, Hindley's son, but in a subtle way that prevents any animosity on Hareton's part. Hindley loses everything that would have been Hareton's inheritance, leaving Hareton with nothing. Heathcliff takes advantage of the situation and Hindley's wealth is inevitably turned over to Heathcliff. Heathcliff sees p... ...his funerary plans with Nelly, he says, "I have nearly attained my heaven," meaning that his idea of heaven is to be reunited with Catherine in death. Shortly thereafter, Heathcliff dies alone in a chamber. The story of the Earnshaws and the Lintons follows many twists and turns. By the end, Cathy and Hareton get a chance at the happiness Catherine and Heathcliff never experienced in life. Brontë's novel is multifaceted and, at times, the reader must struggle to keep up with the story. It can be difficult to perceive the underlying notions going on in the book. Still, there are many details that indicate the doppel-ganger is present not only in the relationship between Catherine and Heathcliff compared to that of Cathy and Hareton, but also in the relationship between Catherine and Heathcliff alone.

Astronomy Final

The age of the cluster can be estimated by viewing a cluster of stars on the HR diagram in reference to where they end on the main sequence. 2. Seasonal variation of a planet depends on the frequency with which any given side of the planet changes it's position with respect to the star. For a planet like Uranus, which has a high tilt (73 deg), the same side always faces the sun and hence it's always summer on one side and winter on the other. Thus we can conclude that seasonal variation is directly related to the tilt of the planet. 3. a.Among the given planets, D has the minimum tilt – So the answer is D, which shows max seasonal variation. b. A planet will be geologically active if it has a high density, since that would assure wide vvariety of rocks and minerals and ores and less amount of hot gases; so among the planets, A has the highest density and is the most geologically active. 3. The younger surface would go to Moon A due to the fact that Moon B possesses many crater s, which are clearly visible as the picture represents (this is clearly shown by the illuminated spots).Genesis shows that the craters were developed over time. Since moon A has far less craters, this mearns it was recently formed thus making it the younger moon. 4. a. The Hubble Expansion: As the distance increases, the apparen't brightness of the object decreases meaning it becomes darker the farther away it gets. This technique determines the relative distances of ssimilar objects. In addition, a phenomenon called the Doppler effect can be used to determine the velocity of an object.The sonic Doppler effect is caused by compression of sonic wave fronts, which can be generalized to electromagnetic radiation and other wavelike phenomena. The magnitude of an object's Doppler shift is a function of its radial velocity relative to the observer. Velocities of various objects, such as stars and galaxies, have been tabulated in our vicinity. An almost straight line with positive slope wa s obtained when the distance was plotted for various galaxies against their velocities. This shows us that the farther away an object is, the greater the velocity.This lends support to the Big Bang theory–if the universe does indeed expand in a manner consistent with the Big Bang model, then two objects that are close to each other should have smaller relative velocities than in comparison with distant objects. b. Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB): This is the result of theorized energetics, which was discovered in 1965 by Penzias and Wilson. Their discovery showed microwave radiation emanating from all directions in our observable locality of the universe. As predicted by the Big Bang Model, the universe is filled with plasma at high temperatures.As a result, hydrogen can only exit as plasma with an ambient temperature of about 3000K. c. Primordial abundance of light elements: This is the observed abundance of elements in the universe. Examinations through the spectra of var ious objects shows us that helium makes up about 23% of observable mass in the universe, which is entirely too large to be accounted for by stellar fusion. Since stellar nucleosynthesis makes the abundance of lighter nuclei hard to explain, the Big Bang model theorizes that the nuclei were created during the fierce explosion. . Due to the numerous negative effects on the body, human space travel remains physiologically difficult. Many of these affects are due to long-term weightlessness. Examples include: muscle atrophy, skeletal deterioration, slowing of cardiovascular functions, red blood cell production decrease, balance disorders, and weakening of the immune system. In addition, without the appropriate protection, space exposure becomes a sever threat due to the environmental differences between space and earth – especially the lack of oxygen and pressure.Interstellar space travel consists of many problems, which makes human travel extremely difficult – even in the future. One problem is the amount of fuel needed for long-duration flights. In addition, we have to worry about the damaging effects of galactic radiation. Also consider the loneliness and boredom of generations of humans spending their entire lives aboard a spacecraft. In order to get to the nearest star system beyond our Solar System (Alpha Centauri), we would have to travel 4. 3 ly with a constant flight velocity of 50 km/s; which is roughly about 25,000 years.Although that velocity would allow us to escape the Solar System, it would still take 250 centuries to reach our closest star system. It is very unlikely that humans will be able to equip themselves with the technology, at least anytime soon, to make contact with extraterrestrial life. Even if we took into account the many factors in the Drake equation, galactic civilizations are probably spread out like small islands tthroughout space. Even if the average lifetime of extraterrestrial civilizations is 1 million years, our most optimistic estimates suggest that each is separated by ~300 ly.Additionally, thousands of sorties would have to be launched toward candidate star systems for any hope of successful extraterrestrial contact. In summary, although it may never become feasible, interstellar space flight is both uneconomical and impractical now and anytime in the foreseeable future. 6. Galileo Galilei was a very influential astronomer because he defended his beliefs in a time when the Roman Inquisition was in power. Galileo defended his idea of heliocentrism against the Inquisition and was put on house arrest. This did not stop him from doing what he loved.While on house arrest, he made observations and continued his work. His contributions to astronomy include the discovery of three moons of Jupiter, the idea that the nature of each planet is unique, identification of sunspots, and his continued examinations of the Milky Way and sea tides. 7. As of March 23, 2012, 763 exoplanets (extrasolar) within our Milky Way have been discovered by satellites such as the Kepler. Consequently, these satellites have been flying through space, uncovering hundreds of new planets within our galaxy.Recently, two planets (Kepler 62e and 62f) have been discovered, which orbit a sun ssimilar to ours but cooler. These planets are at just the right distance that allows water to remain liquid – an essential must for a planet to support life. In addition, these planets are very ssimilar to the size of Earth. Because of their size and orbits, it is highly likely that they are either rocky or watery. The two planets are located 1,200 light-years away in a five-planet system orbiting a star dubbed Kepler-62. 8. The milky is a flat disk surrounded by a halo with a bulge at the center.Within the disk, lay clouds of gas and dust that amount to around 15% of the mass of stars. Although we cannot see the nucleus due to all the scattered dust – radio, infrared, and x-ray telescopes allow us to se e through the dust and show us that the core contains a dense swarm of gas and stars and a massive black hole. A majority of the gas and dust clouds lie within the disk. In addition, bright stars gather into spiral arms winding in an outward direction. The location of our solar system is about 26,000 ly from the center, lying on the inner edge of the spiral arm. 9. D C B A

Population pyramid

A population pyramid or ‘population profile’ is detailed diagram referring to the shape of the graphs which demonstrates the composition of a nation’s population in relation to various age groups and sex (cohorts).   It contains two side-to-side placed graphs, one that shows details of the male segment of the population, and the other that shows details of the female segment of the population.   Usually the left hand side shows details of the male segment of the population.   A population profile is usually triangular in shape, the base suggesting a large number of children.   A rapid narrowing of the top bands suggests that people may be dying faster.   The population pyramid provides a lot of other details such as birth rate, death rate, and life-expectancy. The pyramid should be ideally symmetrical to demonstrate similar pattern and numbers between males and females in the nation.A population pyramid of a nation is of different types depending on seve ral factors such as birth rates, death rates, and situation prevailing in the country.   These include a stationary pyramid, progressive pyramid and regressive pyramid. A stationary pyramid demonstrates a rather constant pattern of fertility and death rate.   A progressive pyramid demonstrates a high turnover of the population (elevated birth and death rates), and a large number of children.   A regressive pyramid on the other hand suggests a dropping birth rate and a low fatality rate.   Some countries may develop a ‘youth bulge’ in their population pyramid (a rise in the youth segment of the population), which may increase the risk for war terrorism and criminal activities to flourish (Answers.Com. 2006).During a war situation, a nation’s population pyramid may have varying appearances depending on the manner in which it is affected.The most active segment of the population, that is young men cohort, are usually the most affected during a war.   Due t o severe losses, nations often demonstrate a drop in the bar graphs in the adult male cohort group, and excess in the corresponding female segment.   Losses of young and middle-aged men later tend to affect other portions of the population profile.   The birth rate on both the male and the female side would significantly reduce over a period of time.   As this cohort of adult males get older, the excess on the female side and the deficiency in the male side starts climbing.   In the 1965 population pyramid of the United Kingdom, it was seen that the number of middle-aged and elderly men were reduced, compared to the similar female cohort due to losses during the World War (Answers.Com. 2006).Sometimes, during a war situation, there may be equivalent loss on the adult female cohort side due to frequent deaths arising from childbirth, reduced healthcare facilities, sporadic violence, etc.   Ã‚  Such a population pyramid appears symmetric with a depression of cohorts on the a dult male and female side.   This is known as a ‘constrictive pyramid’.  Ã‚   The birth rate and the fertility rates also drop due to a decrease in women and men having a high potential for reproduction.   The population pyramids of the US during the 1940’s show this kind of a pattern as usually the adult population was affected, playing a role in the defense of the nation.   Over a period of time this cohort climbed as it got older (Rosenberg, Matt. 1997).When a country is affected with a full blown war, all the segments of the population seem to be affected.   All the cohorts tend to get depressed.   The mortality rates increases, whereas the birth rate of the population decreases.   In some countries, the depression may be greater in the young adult segment of the population as they tend to be more involved with the war.  Ã‚   These depressed cohorts tend to carry over with time as the population gets older.   The population pyramid of Japan during the 1940’s shows this kind of a pattern, as civilian populations were also affected (Statistical Handbook of Japan. 2006).References:About.Com. â€Å"Population Pyramid.† Encyclopedia of Public Health. 2006. Answers.Com. 29 Dec. 2006. http://www.answers.com/topic/population-pyramidRosenberg, Matt. â€Å"Age-Sex Pyramids.† About Geography. 1997. About.Com. 29 Dec. 2006. http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa071497.htmStatistical Handbook of Japan. â€Å"Chapter 2   Population.† Statistics Bureau. 2006. Statistics Bureau of Japan. 29 Dec. 2006. http://www.stat.go.jp/English/data/handbook/c02cont.htmUS Census Bureau. â€Å"IDB Population Pyramids.† U.S. Census Bureau Population Division/International Programs Center. 2006. US Census Bureau. 29 Dec. 2006. http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbpyr.html

Bajaj Project Report

A REPORT ON â€Å"Study of Marketing Research On Bajaj Bike† A detailed study done in Bajaj Auto Ltd. Under the guidance of Dr. N. MAHESH A Project Report On â€Å"Study of Marketing Research On Bajaj Bike† A detailed study done in Bajaj Auto Ltd. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for award of degree of Master of Management Studies (MMS) under university of Mumbai. Submitted By Mr. Sagar Dhoble Roll No: 3003 Batch: 2010-2012 Under the guidance of Dr. N. Mahesh A. C. Patil College of Engineering, Management Studies and Research, Sector 4, Plot 17, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai – 410210 Contact No: 022-2774 5722 / 2786 3644 Fax: 91-22-2774 5732 E-mail: [email  protected] org Web Site: http://www. acpce. org College Certificate This is to certify that Mr. Sagar Dhoble student of final year of Master of Management Studies has prepared a project titled â€Å"Study of Marketing Research On Bajaj Bike† at Bajaj Auto Ltd. as a partial fulfillment of MMS degree for the academic year 2010-2012, University of Mumbai. Dr. N. Mahesh Dr. D. G. Borse (Head of Department) (Director) Guide Certificate This is to certify that this project entitled â€Å"Study of Marketing Research On Bajaj Bike† at Bajaj Auto Ltd. is based on an original work study conducted by Mr. Sagar Dhoble under my guidance. This has not formed a basis for the award of any Degree or Diploma by this university or any other university. Place: Date: Dr. N. Mahesh (Head of Department) Preface In today’s competitive world the practical study forms an important part in each and every professional course. MBA  is a course in which the theoretical knowledge is backed by the practical study. That study is in the form of project. The Summer Training Project is one of the important parts of the curriculum and each and every student has to work for the project. The summer project enables the students to know more about the application of theoretical knowledge. The current situation of the market is made known to the students when they undertake the project. The project gives better insides into the application part of the theory. The companies in an industry and their operations can be better known by the students when they analyze the data, and prepare the grand project. This project is on the Study of Consumer Buying Behaviour at Time to Purchase Bajaj Bike. I have analyzed the industry very deeply and carefully project. One can know about the current scenario of the Indian Two wheeler industry in India. This project enables the reader to have a look at the position of the Two Wheeler companies of the country. Acknowledgement I wish to take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude to Dr. D. G. Borse, Director, ACPCE, MS & R for his invaluable guidance in this endeavor. He has been a constant source of inspiration and I sincerely thank him for his suggestions and help to prepare this project. I express my sincere thanks to Dr. N. Mahesh, HOD, ACPCE, MS & R for his valuable suggestions and for assisting me in the data compilation and analysis which helped me a lot in fine tuning my report. I would like to express my gratitude to all those who gave me the opportunity to complete my internship at Bajaj Auto Ltd. I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Mr. Tushar Pawar, Senior Analyst, (Bajaj Auto Ltd. my corporate guide, for his kind help and support and his valuable guidance throughout my project. I am thankful to his for providing me with necessary insights and helping me out at every single step. Finally, I would like to thank my family members and friends for their Co-operation, advice and encouragement during the long and arduous task of carrying out the project and prepari ng this project. Sagar Dhoble Declaration I hereby declare that the project entitled â€Å"Study of Marketing Research On Bajaj Bike† at Bajaj Auto Ltd has been prepared by me under the guidance of Dr. N. Mahesh, HOD, ACPCE, MS & R, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of masters of management. I also hereby declare that this project report is the result of my own efforts and has not been submitted at any time to any other university or institute for the award of any degree or diploma. Place: Date: Sagar Dhoble Executive Summary The present is the era of  customers. Customers are more knowledgeable than ever before & because the customer is more knowledgeable companies must be faster, more agile  and more creative  than  few years  ago. So companies should strive to enhance customer satisfaction through knowing their expectations regarding products. It can be concluded on the basis that market research must be used to find out whether customer’s expectation are being met by current products or services. Consumer perception is based on the images consumers have of the organization and its products, this can be based on value for money, product quality, fashion and products reliability. This is anticipating future trends and forecasting for future sales. This is vital to any organization if they wish to keep their entire current market share and  develop more. Generating income or profit principle  clearly states  that  the  need  of  the organization  is  to be  profitable  enough  to  generate  income  or  growth  and  satisfying  the customer is a big part of companies  plans  they also need to take into account their own needs. For making satisfactory progress an organization need to make sure that their product is developing along with the market, if a product is developing well , then income should increase, if not then the marketing strategy should be revised. An organization should always know what is happening within their designated market, if it is changing, saturation, technological advances, slowing down or rapidly growing, being up to date on this is essential for companies to survive. There are also certain external factors that a company should be very aware of such as P. E. S. T factors i. e (political, environmental, social and technological) and S. W. O. T i. e. (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat). A business must  take into account all these constraints when Designing and introducing a marketing strategy. It can be concluded that an organization must treat customers as a king  in the market and provide them essential, satisfied and quality products and then the consumer buying activity will increase and subsequently sales will increase. Index Organization certificate†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I College certificate†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. II Guide certificate†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. III Preface†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ IV Acknowledgment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. V Declaration †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ VI Executive summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. VII Chapter1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 1. 1 Title of the Project†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 13 1. 2 Overview of Automobile Industry†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 1. 3 About Bajaj†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 20 1. 4 Problem Definition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 22 1. 5 Scope of Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 22 1. 6 Objectives of Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 23 1. 7 Limitations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 23 Chapter2. Review of Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 24 Chapter3. Research Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 30 3. 1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 0 3. 2 Research Design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 31 3. 3 Sources of Data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 32 3. 4 Data Collection Method†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 33 3. 5 Sampling Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 34 Chapter4. Data analysis and Interpretation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 35 Chapter5. Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 45 Chapter6. Conclusion and Suggestions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 46 Chapter7. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦.. 48 7. Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 48 7. 2 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 50 CHAPTER – 1 Introduction:- 1. 1 Title of the project:- Title of the project is â€Å"Study of Marketing Research On Bajaj Bike† 1. 2 Overview of Automobile Industry:- The History of the automobile actually began about 4,000 years ago when the first wheel was used for transportation in India. Several Italians recorded designs for wind-driven vehicles. The first was  Guido da Vigevano in 1335. It was a windmill-type drive to gears and thus to wheels. Vaturio designed a similar vehicle that was also never built. Later Leonardo da Vinci designed clockwork-driven tricycle with tiller steering and a differential mechanism between the rear wheels. In the early 15th  century, the Portuguese arrived in China and the interaction of two cultures led to a variety of new technologies, including the creation of a wheel that turned under its own power. By the 1600s, small steam-powered engine models were developed, but it was another century before a full-sized engine-powered vehicle was created. A Catholic priest named Father Ferdinan Verbiest is credited to have built a steam-powered vehicle for the Chinese Emperor Chien Lung in about 1678. There is no information about the vehicle, only the event. Since James Watt didn’t invent the steam engine until 1705, we can guess that this was possibly a model vehicle powered by a mechanism like Hero’s steam engine-a-spinning wheel with jets on the periphery. Although by the mid-15th  century the idea of a self-propelled vehicle had been put into practice with the development of experimental vehicles powered by means of springs, clockworks, and the wind, Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot of France is considered to have built the first true automobile in 1769. Designed by Cugnot and constructed by M. Brezin, it is also the first vehicle to move under its own power for which there is a record. Cugnot’s three-wheeled steam-powered vehicle carried four persons and was meant to move artillery pieces. It had a top speed of a little more than 3. 2 km/h (2 mph) and had to stop every 20 minutes to build up a fresh steam. Evans was the first American who obtained a patent for â€Å"a self-propelled carriage. † He, in fact, attempted to create a two-in-one combination of a steam wagon and a flat-bottomed boat, which didn’t receive any attention in those days. During the 1830’s, the steam vehicle had made great advances. But stiff competition from railway companies and crude legislations in Britain forced the poor steam vehicle gradually out of use on roads. Carl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler, both Germans, share the credit of changing the transport habits of the world, for their efforts laid the foundation of the great motor industry, as we know it today. First, Carl Benz invented the petrol engine in 1885 and a year later Daimler made a car driven by motor of his own design and the rest is history. Daimler’s engine proved to be a great success mainly because of its less weight that could deliver 1000rpm and needed only very small and light vehicles to carry them. France too had joined the motoring scenario by 1890 when two Frenchmen Panhard and Levassor began producing vehicles powered by Daimler engine, and Daimler himself, possessed by the automobile spirit, went on adding new features to his engine. He built the first V-Twin engine with a glowing platinum tube to explode the cylinder gas-the very earliest form of sparking plug. Charles Duryea built a motor carriage in America with petrol engine in 1892, followed by Elwood Haynes in 1894, thus paving the way for motorcars in that country. For many years after the introduction of automobiles, three kinds of power sources were in common use: steam engines, gasoline or petrol engines, and electric motors. In 1900, over 2,300 automobiles were registered in New York, Boston, Massachusetts, and Chicago. Of these, 1,170 were steam cars, 800 were electric cars, and only 400 were gasoline cars. In ten years from the invention of the petrol engine, the motorcar had evolved itself into amazing designs and shapes. By 1898, there were 50 automobile-manufacturing companies in the United States, a number that rose to 241 by 1908. In that year, Henry Ford revolutionized the manufacture of automobiles  with his assembly- line style of production and brought out the Model T, a car that was inexpensive, versatile, and easy to maintain. Herbert Austin and William Morris, two different carmakers, introduced mass production methods of assembly in the UK, thus paving the way for a revolution in the automobile industry. Austin Seven was the world’s first practical four-seater ‘baby car’ which brought the pleasures of motoring to many thousands of people who could not buy a larger, more expensive car. Even the ‘bull-nose’ Morris with front mounted engine became the well-loved model and one of the most popular cars in the 1920s. Automobile manufacturers in the 1930s and 1940s refined and improved on the principles of Ford and other pioneers. Cars were generally large, and many were still extremely expensive and luxurious; many of the most collectible cars date from this time. The increased affluence of the United States after World War II led to the development of large, petrol-consuming vehicles, while most companies in Europe made smaller, more fuel-efficient cars. Indian Automobile – History India is the second largest manufacturer and producer of two-wheelers in the world. It stands next only to Japan and China in terms of the number of two-wheelers produced and domestic sales respectively. The Indian two-wheeler industry made a small beginning in the early 50s when  Automobile Products of India (API)  started manufacturing scooters in the country. Until 1958, API and Enfield were the sole producers. In  1948, Bajaj Auto  began trading in imported  Vespa scooters and three-wheelers. Finally,  in 1960, it set up a shop to manufacture them in technical collaboration with Piaggio  of Italy. The agreement expired in 1971. In the initial stages, the scooter segment was dominated by API, it was later  overtaken by Bajaj Auto. Although various government and private enterprises entered the fray for scooters, the only new player that has lasted till today is LML. Under the regulated regime, foreign companies were not allowed to operate in India. It was a complete seller market with the waiting period for getting a scooter from  Bajaj Auto being as high as 12 years. The motorcycles segment was no different, with only three manufacturers viz  Enfield, Ideal Jawa and Escorts. While Enfield bullet  was a four-stroke bike, Jawa and the Rajdoot were two-stroke bikes. The motorcycle segment was initially dominated by  Enfield 350cc bikes and Escorts 175cc bike. The two-wheeler market was  opened to foreign competition  in themid-80s. And then market leaders – Escorts and Enfield – were caught unaware by the onslaught of the 100cc bikes of the four Indo-Japanese joint ventures. With the availability of fuel efficient low power bikes, demand swelled, resulting in Hero Honda  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ then the only producer of four stroke bikes (100cc category), gaining a top slot. The first Japanese motorcycles were introduced in the early eighties. TVS Suzuki and Hero Honda  brought in the first two-stroke and  four-stroke engine  motorcycles respectively. These two players initially started with assembly of CKD kits, and later on progressed to indigenous manufacturing. In the 90s the major growth for motorcycle segment was brought in by Japanese motorcycles, which grew at a rate of nearly 25% CAGR in the last five years. The industry had a smooth ride in  the 50s, 60s and 70s  when the Government prohibited new entries and strictly controlled capacity expansion. The industry saw a sudden growth in the 80s. The industry witnessed a steady growth of 14% leading to a peak volume of 1. 9mn vehicles in 1990. The entry of Kinetic Honda in mid-eighties with a variometric scooter helped in providing ease of use to the scooter owners. In 1990, the entire  automobile industry saw  a  drastic fall  in demand. This resulted in a  decline of 15% in 1991 and 8% in 1992, resulting in a production loss of 0. mn vehicles. Barring Hero Honda, all the major producers suffered from recession in FY93 and FY94. Hero Honda showed a marginal decline in 1992. The reasons for recession in the sector were the incessant rise in fuel prices, high input costs and reduced purchasing power due to significant rise in general price level and credit crunch in consumer financing. Factors like increased production in 1992, due to new entrants coupled with the recession in the industry resulted in company either reporting losses or a fall in profits. India is one of the very few countries manufacturing three-wheelers  in the world. It is the world's largest manufacturer and seller of three-wheelers. Bajaj Auto commands a monopoly  in the domestic market with a  market share of above 80%, the  rest is shared by Bajaj Tempo, Greaves Ltd and Scooters India. The total number of registered two-wheelers and three wheelers on road in India, as on March 31, 1998 was 27. 9mn and 1. 7mn respectively. The two wheeler population has almost doubled in 1996 from a base of 12. 6mn in 1990. 1. 3 About Bajaj:- The  Bajaj Group  came into existence  in 1926, during the turmoil and the heady euphoria of India’s freedom struggle. Jamnalal Bajaj, founder of the group, was a close confidant and disciple of Mahatma Gandhi, and was deeply involved in the effort for freedom. The integrity, dedication, resourcefulness and determination to succeed which are characteristic of the company today, are often traced back to its birth during those long days of relentless devotion to a common cause. Kamalnayan Bajaj, the eldest  son of Jamnalal Bajaj, at the age of 27,  he took over the reins of business  in 1942. Putting the Nation before business, he devoted himself to the latter only after India achieved independence in 1947 and then after he was able to give his full attention to the business. Kamalnayan Bajaj  not only consolidated the group, but also diversified into various manufacturing activities, elevating the group to the status it enjoys till this day. At present  Chairman and Managing Director of the group, is Rahul Bajaj,  took charge of the business  since 1965  and is recognized as one of the most outstanding business leaders in India. As dynamic and ambitious as his illustrious predecessors, he has been recognized for his achievement at various national and international forums. Bajaj  is currently  India’s Largest Two and Three Wheeler manufacturer  and one of the biggest in the world. Under Rahul Bajaj’s  leadership, the turnover of the Bajaj Auto the flagship company has gone up from  Rs. 72 million to Rs. 46. 16 billion (USD 936 million),  its product portfolio has expanded from one to and the brand has found a global market. He is one of India’s most distinguished business leaders and internationally respected for his business acumen and entrepreneurial spirit. . 4 Problem Definition:- There are many companies manufacturing motorcycles into the market, at the same time as there are many companies manufacturing motorcycles, idea about thinking of customer on whether, what, how, and for whom to purchase the motorcycle. Therefore, research is required to measure present consumer buying behavior at the purchase of Bajaj bike. So the researcher problem is to identify what are the criteria that prospective customer takes into consideration before buying the motorcycles. 1. 5 Scope of Study:- The study on Marketing Research would help us:- To know about his product potential in the market vis-a-vis the total product; * New Products; * Various brands; * Pricing; * Market Structures and selection of product strategy, etc. * To get feedback from customer. * Company also wants the suggestion for improvement from users of Bajaj Vehicles. 1. 6 Objectives of Study:- â€Å"Study of Marketing Research Regarding Two Wheeler (Automobiles Industry)† * The demographics of who is buying the product at the present compared to the demographics of people buying competitors’ products. Satisfaction of customers and potential customers with the products they are buying. * Attitudes of customers and potential customers towards the value for money of the products from different suppliers. * Features about the product that customers would like to see improved. * The awareness amongst potential customers of product. * Factors that would prompt potential customers to buy from the company. 1. 7 Limitations:- * The market survey was limited to area of Pune city. * Time Constraint. * In such cases respondents were not able to give all information was taken. We can’t meet each and every user because of human limitations and other problems so we select some sample. CHAPTER – 2 Review of Literature:- As noted by NMCC (2006), competitiveness of manufacturing sector is a very broad multi-dimensional concept that embraces numerous aspects such as price, quality, productivity, efficiency and macro-economic environment. There are numerous studies on auto industry in India, published by industry associations, consultancy organizations, research bodies and peer-reviewed journals. In this section, various studies on the Indian auto industry are evie wed, under different heads pertaining to global comparisons, fiscal and trade policies and evolution of the Indian auto industry and other aspects. Global Comparisons The Investment Information and Credit Rating Agency of India (ICRA, 2003) studies the competitiveness of the Indian auto industry, by global comparisons of macro environment, policies and cost structure. This has a detailed account on the evolution of the global auto industry. The United States was the first major player from 1900 to 1960, after which Japan took its place as the cost-efficient leader. Cost efficiency being the only real means in as mature an industry as automobiles to retain or improve market share, global auto manufacturers have been sourcing from the developing countries. India and China have emerged as favourite destinations for the first-tier OEMs since late 1980s. There are only a few dominant Indian OEMs, while the number of OEMs is very large in China (122 car manufacturers and 120 motorcycle manufacturers). ICRA (2004) analyses the implications of the India-ASEAN5 Free Trade Agreements for the Indian automotive industry. ASEAN economies are globally more integrated than India. The current size of Indian and ASEAN market for automobiles is more or less the same but the Indian market has a larger growth potential than the ASEAN market due to the low level of penetration. The labour cost is low in India but the stringent labour regulations erode this advantage. The level of infrastructure is better in India than Indonesia and the Philippines but worse than that in other ASEAN countries. The financial and banking sector is better in India than in the ASEAN countries. The study notes that there is a huge excess capacity in ASEAN countries, in comparison with that in India, which will help them to tackle the excess demand that may arise in future. The study finds a 20-30 per cent cost disadvantage for Indian companies on account of taxation and infrastructure and 5-20 per cent labour cost advantage over comparable ASEAN-member-based companies. Similar findings are noted in a study by the Automotive Component Manufacturers Association of India (ACMA, 2004), particularly in comparison with Thailand. Policy Environment and Evolution of Indian Auto Industry In this section, studies on the policy environment pertaining to the Indian auto industry and its evolution over the years have been reviewed. Pingle (2000) reviews the policy framework of India’s automobile industry and its impact on its growth. While the ties between bureaucrats and the managers of state-owned enterprises played a positive role especially since the late 1980s, ties between politicians and industrialists and between politicians and labour leaders have impeded the growth. The first phase of 1940s and 1950s was characterised by socialist ideology and vested interests, resulting in protection to the domestic auto industry and entry barriers for foreign firms. There was a good relationship between politicians and industrialists in this phase, but bureaucrats played little role. Development of ancillaries segment as recommended by the L. K. Jha Committee report in 1960 was a major event that took place towards the end of this phase. During the second phase of rules, regulations and politics, many political developments and economic problems affected the auto industry, especially passenger cars segment, in the 1960s and 1970s. Though politicians picked winners and losers mainly by licensing production, this situation changed with oil crises and other related political and macro-economic constraints. The third phase starting in the early 1980s was characterised by delicensing, liberalization and opening up of FDI in the auto sector. These policies resulted in the establishment of new LCV manufacturers (for example, Swaraj Mazda, DCM Toyota) and passenger car manufacturers. 7 All these developments led to structural changes in the Indian auto industry. Pingle argues that state intervention and ownership need not imply poor results and performance, as demonstrated by Maruti Udyog Limited (MUL). Further, the noncontractual relations between bureaucrats and MUL dictated most of the policies in the 1980s, which were biased towards passenger cars and MUL in particular. However, D’Costa (2002) argues that MUL’s success is not particularly attributable to the support from bureaucrats. Rather, any firm that is as good as MUL in terms of scale economies, first-comer advantage, affordability, product novelty, consumer choice, financing schemes and extensive servicing networks would have performed as well, even in the absence of bureaucratic support. D’Costa has other criticisms about Pingle (2000) The major shortcoming of Pingle’s study is that it ignores the issues related to sectors pecific technologies and regional differences across the country. In August 2006, a Draft of Automotive Mission Plan Statement prepared in consultation with the industry was released by the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises. This was finally released as a report in December 2006. This document draws an action plan to take the turnover of the automotive industry in India to US$145 billion by 2016, accounting for more than 10 per cent of the GDP and providing additional employment to 25 million people, by 2016. A special emphasis is laid on small cars, MUVs, two-wheelers and auto-components. Measures suggested include setting up of a National Auto Institute, streamlining government/educational/research institutions to the needs of the auto industry, upgrading infrastructure, considering changes in duty structure and fiscal incentives for R;D. Similarly, NMCC (2006), which lays down a national strategy for manufacturing, recognises the importance of the Indian automobile and auto-component industry, particularly the latter, as a competitive knowledge-based industry with immense employment generation potential. The policy recommendations of this study include VAT implementation, lower indirect taxes, power reforms, tax benefits linked to export earnings, duty-cut for raw material imports, R;D incentives for a longer period, establishment of auto parks, benefits for export-seeking investments, human resources development and modernisation fund for new investments in auto clusters. Industry players have been advised to improve their operational performance, determine their strategic posture as one among those identified in the study, improve capabilities in line with their posture and invest very rapidly in a planned manner. ACMA needs to promote India as a brand, enable sourcing from India by global customers and promote the quality and productivity efforts of the autocomponent firms in India. ACMA (2006) notes that India’s joining the WP (Working Party) 29: 1998 Agreement for global harmonisation of automotive standards, coupled with the funding of National Automotive Testing and Research Infrastructure Project (NATRIP) by the Government of India, has increased prospects of the Indian auto industry rising up to global standards in the near future, in all aspects. Narayanan (2004) analyses the determinants of growth of Indian automobile firms during three different policy regimes, namely, licensing (1980-81 to 1984-85), deregulation (1985-86 to 1990-91) and liberalisation (1991-92 to 1995-96). Unlike the prediction by Narayanan (1998), this study finds that vertical integration is detrimental for growth in a liberalised regime as it potentially limits diversification. Narayanan (2006) also finds that vertical integration plays a positive role in a regulated regime, while it is not conducive for export competitiveness in a liberal regime. CHAPTER – 3 Research Methodology:- . 1 Introduction:- Marketing research is the function which links the consumer, customer and public to the marketers through information used to identify and define marketing, opportunities and problems, generates refine marketing action; monitor marketing performance and improve understanding of marketing as a process. Marketing research specifies the information requ ired to address these issues; designs the method for collection information manages and implements the data collection process; analysis the results and communication the findings and their implication. Research definition:- Research is careful inquiry or examination to discover new information and relationship and to expand and to verify exiting knowledge† Research always starts with questions or a problem. Its purpose is to find answer to questions through the application of the scientific method. It is a systematic and intensive study directed towards a more complete knowledge of the subject studies. 3. 2 Research Design:- â€Å"Research design is the plan, structure and strategy of investigation conceived so as to obtain answer to research question and to control variance. † From definition it is evident that research design is one or ess a blueprint of research. At the outset may be noted that there are several ways of studying and tackling a problem. There is no s ignal perfect design. The research design can be classified in to true broad categories: (A) Exploratory (B) Descriptive (C) Casual Exploratory research is focus on the discovery of ideas. Exploratory research is carried out to define problems and developed hypothesis to test later. An exploratory study is generally based on the secondary data that are reading available. It does not have to change his focus of direction, depending on the availability of new ideas and relationship among variables. Descriptive studies are undertaken in many circumstances. Descriptive studies can be complex, determining a high degree of scientific skill on the part of the researcher. Casual research helps in determined cause and effect relationship. Between two or more variables. The present study seeks to find out the consumers attitude towards buying of bike. The study also aims at findings out the drawbacks of the marketing set up of BAJAJ AUTO LTD. So this makes the study a descriptive one. 3. 3 Sources of Data:- The sources of data collection methods are as follows. a) Primary data:- Primary data i. e. ollected for the first time. It is fresh and originally collected by the surveyor. I will used only primary data in calculating the study and collect the data. b) Secondary data:- Secondary data are those data which are already collected by someone for some purpose and are available for the present study; secondary data are already collected by the company‘s records and other libraryâ⠂¬Ëœs books. When the secondary data are sufficient, the researcher has to be satisfied with the primary sources of data. Secondary data can be used as bases for comparison with primary data have been collected by questionnaire. . 4 Data Collection Method:- While making an analysis,  Primary data  represents a true and correct picture of subject to be studied as  compared to the secondary data, which is second hand ; has become obsolete. So to know about the current situation of the market and actual facts, collection and analysis of primary data is of significance. We have presented the â€Å"Research findings on the basis of Primary Data†Ã‚  collected through a  survey  conducted with the help of questionnaires of customers of Pune City. The questionnaire contains three types of questions. * Open-ended question:- It is helpful in knowing what is uppermost in the mind of the respondents. It gives complete freedom to the respondent. * Dichotomous questions:- It has only two answers in form ‘yes’ or ‘no’, ‘true’ or ‘false’, ‘use’ or ‘do not use’. So the respondent is offered two or more choice. * Multiple-choice question:- In this, the respondent is offered two or more choice. 3. 5 Sampling Plan:- Sampling is a process of obtaining the information about the entire population by examine a part of it . The effectiveness of the research depends on the sample size selected for the survey purpose. A) Sample Site:- The survey was conducted in PUNE CITY. (B)Sampling Unit:- It means â€Å"Who is to be surveyed†. Here target population is decided and it is who are interested to purchase â€Å"Bike† and sampling frame is developed so that everyone in the target population has known chance of being sampled. So the s urvey is conducted particularly in Pune City. (C)Sample size:- We collect several sample for both Market Research. Total 134 outlets were surveyed for both project. * 82 outlets were surveyed for the project of Service Satisfaction of customers from â€Å"Automotive Mfrs†Ã‚  after purchasing Vehicle. 52 outlets were surveyed for the project of Customer Perception for Purchasing Vehicle. CHAPTER – 4 Data analysis and Interpretation:- We Collect Data of 82 Vehicles for Market Research of Bajaj Dealer Service. Q. 1)From where Customer Purchase Vehicle? Q. 2)Where you service your vehicle? Q. 3)Time taken at service station to understand vehicle problem is Appropriate? Q. 4)Have they understand service problem properly? Q. 5)Have customer get Expense Detail of service in advance? Q. 6)After Competion of Service have they give Information about what they do in Service? Q. 7)Behaviors of Automotive’s staff is proper or not? Q. 8) Given Problem is Solved by the Engineers or Not? Q. 9) Have you got Delivery of vehicle in time after giving it in Service? Q. 10) The customer Satisfied with Service or Not? CHAPTER – 5 Findings:- * We conduct 82 sample for know the customer service satisfaction of â€Å"Automotive Mfrs Pvt Ltd†. * From this 82 sample, 49 samples are of Automotive, 24 sample of Rajashri ; 9 other Bajaj’s dealer in Pune. * 71% Customer are satisfied with Automotives service ; 29% are not satisfied due to some reasons. Automotive save the time of customer by taking lesser time while they come for servicing their vehicle. And also engineer understand customers problem properly. * Automotive gives expense detail advance so most of customer are satisfied with the expense detail. * Service satisfaction of automotive customer is higher than other dealer’s service. * If some customer make service on both Rajashri and Automotive then the customer prefer Automotive more because Automotive give qualitative service so that customer satisfaction from Automotive is higher. CHAPTER – 6 Conclusion and Suggestions:- The Suggestions  that are given by  Customers and we give suggestions as a market researcher for Improving in a service. Because after selling of a vehicle customer may has some of the problem and customer come for solve their problem through service and company should try to give proper service to satisfy customer by solving their problem. The suggestions are as followed: * Company should take  less time  for service the vehicle. * Company takes Higher Charges for Pay Service. This should be reducing. * Company should  facilitate a Scheme  for servicing Old Vehicles  so that all the customer service their vehicle at company’s service station. Dealers should improve  staff behavior. Some time it create trouble for customers. * Price of spare parts  should be  lesser  than market price. * Some time Vehicles problem is not solved so company try to concentrate on solving a problem and also see that this type of problem should not arise in future. * Sometimes they only  wash the vehicles. This should not happen in future otherwise company can loose the customer. * All parts  should be available at service station. Because sometime customer face the problem that parts are not available. Only one person should take the responsibility  to check * the vehicles problem and also to solve the problem. CHAPTER – 7 References:- 7. 1 Bibliography:- a) Kotler, Philip 2002,PHI(I)P. ltd, Marketing management b) Kothari, C. R. 2001,Himayalayan Publications, Research Methodology Magazines and News papers:- a) Auto car India b) Business Today c) Business World d) Business India e) Economic Times f) The Hindu g) India Today Websites Visited:- http://xkmph. com/discuss/index. php? topic=2298. 0 http://allprojectreports. com/index. htm http://pakistanmba. jimdo. com/free-marketing-projects-2/ ttp://www. skirec. com/ http://findpdf. net/ebooks/books-about-case-study-about-marketing-strategy-Bajaj-Auto-case-study-about-marketing-channels-free-d ownload. html http://nisearch. com/bajaj-auto/1/ http://tejas-iimb. org/articles/21. php http://www. stuffspec. com/publicfiles/Summer_Internship_Project_Report_In_Ms_Word_Format. html http://wwww. justdial. com/srch/all_indiasrch/all_india. php http://hbr. org/product/bajaj-auto-ltd-portuguese-version/an/508P02-PDF-POR http://stocktraderschat. com/search/two-wheeler-automotive-product-manufacture/1/ http://www. fundinguniverse. om/company-histories/Bajaj-Auto-Limited-Company-History. html http://www. scribd. com/doc/50035324/Study-on-Consumer-Buying-Behaviour-amp-Satisfaction-Level-of-Two-Wheeler-With-Refrence-to-Bajaj-Auto-Ltd 7. 2 Appendix:- Questionnaire Q. 1. How many brand of two-wheeler do you know? MO`BIKE SCOOTER Hero Honda LML Bajaj Auto Honda Suzuki Bajaj Auto TVS Kinetic Engineering Enfield Yahama Cosmo Blaster LML Q. 2. Which type of two wheeler you prefer most? (a) Motor Bike (b) Scooter (c) Moped / Scooties Q. 3. which attributes do you like most in your two-wheeler? Rates the Various factors you consider most? (1-6, 1 is most important) (1. ) Luggage space (2. ) Fuel Efficiency (3. ) Pick up (4. ) Resale value (5. ) Driving comfort (6. ) Out look Q. 4. what is your source of finance? (a) Bank Loan (b) Finance Company (c) Self financing (d) Any Other Q. what are the external factors that influence you about purchasing Bike? (a) Print media (b) Electronic media (c) Exhibition (d) Trade shows (e) Brand image Q. 6 which brand right now you are having? (a) Hero Honda (b) Bajaj Auto (c) TVS (d) Suzuki (e) Yamaha (f ) LML Q. 7. Should Company go for innovation in context to development of new Bike? (a) Yes (b) No Q. 8. While going for the development of new bike which point the company Should keep in mind (a) Acceptability of customer (b) Scale of economic c) Comfort (d) Design (e) Others Q . 9 According to you which company`s model you like most and Why- (A) Bajaj Caliber (b) TVS Victor (c) Honda Activa (d) Yahama Libero (e) Hero Honda Ambition Q. 10. Please give suggestions to improve your present brand. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ CUSTOMER PERSONAL INFORMATION A. Name:-___________________________________________ B. Address:-___________________________________________ C. phone no:-__________________________________________ D. Age (in year):- 18 to 20[]21 to 25[ ] 26 to 30[]31 to 35[ ] 36 to 40[]41 ; above[ ] E. Occupation:- Services[]Businessman[] Students[]Professional[] Others[] F. monthly income:- 5000 [ ] 5000-10,000[] 10,000-15,000 [ ] 15,000-20,000[] 20,000 Above [ ] Sing. ___________________ Date. ___________________